Key Pieces of Film Studies Essay Topics

Key Pieces of Film Studies Essay Topics Film Studies Essay Topics Explained One of the greatest approaches to select your topic is to find one which you get a strong opinion about. Your specific ideas and opinions in the paper has to be supported with arguments. Last word of advice is to seek advice from your teacher before the last decision about this issue selection for argumentative essays. You will have to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data also. The Key to Successful Film Studies Essay Topics The difference is in the intellectual capabilities connected with the age of students, and their levels of exposure. In the modern society, gender means a whole lot more than it used to. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Discover how studies utilize a complicated research library. Whispered Film Studies Essay Topics Secrets Like the custom of oncology nursing, it's an emotionally in add ition to professionally demanding experience. The student may give the particulars of the topics to the firm. So should you need help with any writing task, don't hesitate to get in touch with our expert services. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. A review of each major point and concluding thoughts utilizing a rate system, dependent on numbers, will certainly help your film studies paper stick out. The character of the issue selected is important in picking the correct strategy. You might think about history for a branch of study that falls away from the realm of social studies. The distinctive writing assignment suggests that you've studied a variety of films, technical facets, and theories. In reality, a film studies writing assignment provides the chance for an assortment of thoughts and topics. The reality is that a film study writing assignment provides the chance for assorted thoughts and themes. Specifically, you're going to be expected to take thorough notes to analyse the exceptional manners of filming, together with videography. Academic Sciences writers can direct you on each step of the procedure to make certain that you understand how to compose a film studies essay. Most students enjoy watching movies for a number of unique factors. Creating a preliminary structure for the essay before you've finished collecting information is the most helpful. Showing awareness about recent changes in this issue you're writing on is very important to win an excellent grade. You will have to figure out the kind of essay you're going to be writing and which of the aforementioned analytical elements you will include. Apart from that, it also needs to be known that essay is only a wide category and within this, there are several kinds of essays and every one of them have another type of pattern. The very best argumentative essay writing service on the net is an organization that supplies good quality and very affordable help on argumentative essay and argumentative essay topics. Argumentative essay topics cover a w ide selection of subjects, and can be quite persuasive if an excellent essay represents them. Occasionally, selecting an excellent argumentative essay topics will be quite tough. There are several interesting and challenging Shakespeare essay topics to pick from. Therefore, either you wish to learn more about how to compose an essay, or you desire some essay writing services or even in the event that you would like to go through some sample essays, then just refer to WritingBest and all of your requirements will be fulfilled once possible. Both principal kinds are the crucial essay and the theoretical essay. Choosing great essay topics for middle school must be a careful procedure, where a balance must be struck between topics that could be too simplistic, more proper for the main school, and choosing argumentative essay topics that can be too complicated or controversial. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment.

Similarities and Differences between Gilgamesha dn Enkindu

Similarities and Differences between Gilgamesh and Enkindu The Myth known today as the epic of Gilgamesh was considered in ancient times to be one of the great masterpieces of cuneiform literature.The tale revolves around a legendary hero named Gilgamesh, who was known said to be the king of the Sumerian city of uruk.Gilgamesh was known to have supernatural abilities and be half human and half god similar to his best friend who was later known known as Enkindu.This person was also blessed with supernatural abilities and was half human-half animal.Gilgamesh and Enkindu both have similar traits such as they both use love as a motivating force and they both clearly are half human-half supernatural.They also have differences such†¦show more content†¦Then on page 21 Enkindu stood watch for the shepherds against the lions so that the shepherds could get a good night sleep, this protects the shepherds and feeds them. This shows the power that Enkindu has by fighting of lions, capturing wolves and keeping the shepherds safe. So basically G ilgamesh who is half human and half God, he thinks he is the most powerful person on this Earth and thinks he can do whatever he wants whenever he wants. He takes every woman there is, even the ones that are getting married. Since he is very ignorant and doesn’t care about his people, the people complained to the Gods who then create a double of Gilgamesh who is called Enkindu, who was just as smart and strong as Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh and Enkidu also had differences it seemed that they had their own journey within each other’s journey. Enkidu’s journey starts of when the prostitutes were order by Gilgamesh to go and get Enkidu. This is because Enkidu saves his former animal friends from cages. This to me to is the starting point of Enkidu journey towards Gilgamesh. This journey was mentored by the prostitute who was also the tempter. As Enkidu finds his way to Gilgamesh this starts a whole new journey.This journey was shortlived because later on as the story goes on Gilgamesh and enkindu goes on and kills both humbaba and the bull of heaven,which the godess Ishtar sends to punish Gilgamesh for spurring her advances.As a punishment for these actions,the gods sentence Enkindu

Internal Combustion Engines Essay Summary Example For Students

Internal Combustion Engines Essay Summary Internal Combustion EnginesIntroductionInternal Combustion Engine, a heat engine in which the fuel is burned (that is, united with oxygen ) within the confining space of the engine itself. This burning process releases large amounts of energy, which are transformedinto work through the mechanism of the engine. This type of engine differentfrom the steam engine, which process with an external combustion engine thatfuel burned apart from the engine. The principal types of internal combustionengine are : reciprocating engine such as Otto-engine, and Diesel engines ; androtary engines, such as the Wankel engine and the Gas-turbine engine. In general, the internal combustion engine has become the means ofpropulsion in the transportation field, with the exception of large shipsrequiring over 4,000 shaft horsepower ( hp). In stationary applications, size of unit and local factor oftendetermine the choice between the use of steam and diesel engine. Diesel powerplants have a distinct economic advantage over steam engine when size of theplant is under about 1,000 hp. However there are many diesel engine plants muchlarge than this. Internal combustion engines are particularly appropriate forseasonal industries, because of the small standby losses with these enginesduring the shutdown period. HistoryThe first experimental internal combustion engine was made by a Dutchastronomer, Christian Huygens, who, in 1680, applied a principle advanced byJean de Hautefeuille in 1678 for drawing water. This principle was based on thefact that the explosion of a small amount of gunpowder in a closed chamberprovided with escape valves would create a vacuum when the gases of combustioncooled. Huygens, using a cylinder containing a piston, was able to move it inthis manner by the external atmospheric pressure. The first commercially practical internal combustion engine was built bya French engineer, ( Jean Joseph ) Etienne Lenoir, about 1859-1860. It usedilluminating gas as fuel. Two years later, Alphonse Beau de Rochas enunciatedthe principles of the four-stroke cycle, but Nickolaus August Otto built thefirst successful engine ( 1876 ) operating on this principle. Reciprocating EngineComponents of EnginesThe essential parts of Otto-cycle and diesel engines are the same. Thecombustion chamber consists of a cylinder, usually fixed, which is closed at oneend and in which a close-fitting piston slides. The in-and-out motion of thepiston varies the volume of the chamber between the inner face of the piston andthe closed end of the cylinder. The outer face of the piston is attached to acrankshaft by a connecting rod. The crankshaft transforms the reciprocatingmotion of the piston into rotary motion. In multi-cylindered engines thecrankshaft has one offset portion, called a crankpin, for each connecting rod,so that the power from each cylinder is applied to the crankshaft at theappropriate point in its rotation. Crankshafts have heavy flywheels andcounterweights, which by their inertia minimize irregularity in the motion ofthe shaft. An engine may have from 1 to as many as 28 cylinders. The fuel supply system of an internal-combustion engine consists of atank, a fuel pump, and a device for vaporizing or atomizing the liquid fuel. InOtto-cycle engines this device is a carburetor. The vaporized fuel in mostmulti-cylindered engines is conveyed to the cylinders through a branched pipecalled the intake manifold and, in many engines, a similar exhaust manifold isprovided to carry off the gases produced by combustion. The fuel is admitted toeach cylinder and the waste gases exhausted through mechanically operated poppetvalves or sleeve valves. The valves are normally held closed by the pressure ofsprings and are opened at the proper time during the operating cycle by cams ona rotating camshaft that is geared to the crankshaft . By the 1980s moresophisticated fuel-injection systems, also used in diesel engines, had largelyreplaced this traditional method of supplying the proper mix of air and fuel;computer-controlled monitoring systems improved fuel economy and reducedpollu tion. IgnitionIn all engines some means of igniting the fuel in the cylinder must beprovided. For example, the ignition system of Otto-cycle engines , the mixtureof air and gasoline vapor delivered to the cylinder from the carburetor and nextoperation is that of igniting the charge by causing a spark to jump the gapbetween the electrodes of a spark plug, which projects through the walls of thecylinder. One electrode is insulated by porcelain or mica; the other is groundedthrough the metal of the plug, and both form the part of the secondary circuitof an induction system. The principal type of high-tension ignition now commonly used is thebattery-and-coil system. The current from the battery flows through the low-tension coil and magnetizes the iron core. When this circuit is opened at thedistributor points by the interrupter cam, a transient high-frequency current isproduced in the primary coil with the assistance of the condenser. This inducesa transient, high-frequency, high-voltage current in the secondary winding. Thissecondary high voltage is needed to cause the spark to jump the gap in the sparkplug. The spark is directed to the proper cylinder to be fired by thedistributor, which connects the secondary coil to the spark plugs in the severalcylinders in their proper firing sequence. The interrupter cam and distributorare driven from the same shaft, the number of breaking points on the interruptercam being the same as the number of cylinders. Cooling SystemBecause of the heat of combustion, all engines must be equipped withsome type of cooling system. Some aircraft and automobile engines, smallstationary engines, and outboard motors for boats are cooled by air. In thissystem the outside surfaces of the cylinder are shaped in a series of radiatingfins with a large area of metal to radiate heat from the cylinder. Other enginesare water-cooled and have their cylinders enclosed in an external water jacket. In automobiles, water is circulated through the jacket by means of a water pumpand cooled by passing through the finned coils of a radiator. Some automobileengines are also air-cooled, and in marine engines sea water is used for cooling. Christopher Columbus EssayThe exhaust gases are then expelled through an exhaust port through the actionof the turning rotor. The cycle takes place alternately at each face of therotor, giving three power strokes for each turn of the rotor. The Wankelengines compact size and consequent lesser weight as compared with the pistonengine gave it increasing value and importance with the rise in gasoline pricesof the 1970s and 80s. In addition, it offers practically vibration-freeoperation, and its mechanical simplicity provides low manufacturing costs. Cooling requirement s are low, and its low center of gravity contributes todriving safety. Gas TurbineAlso called as combustion turbine, engine that employs gas flow as theworking medium by which heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Gasis produced in the engine by the combustion of certain fuels. Stationary nozzlesdischarge jets of this gas against the blades of a turbine wheel. The impulseforce of the jets causes the shaft to turn. A simple-cycle gas turbine includesa compressor that pumps compressed air into a combustion chamber. Fuel ingaseous or liquid-spray form is also injected into this chamber, and combustiontakes place there. The combustion products pass from the chamber through thenozzles to the turbine wheel. The spinning wheel drives the compressor and theexternal load, such as an electrical generator. In a turbine or compressor, a row of fixed blades and a correspondingrow of moving blades attached to a rotor is called a stage. Large machinesemploy multistage axial-flow compressors and turbines. In multi-shaftarrangements, the initial turbine stage (or stages) powers the compressor on oneshaft while the later turbine stage (or stages) powers the external load on aseparate shaft. The efficiency of the gas-turbine cycle is limited by the need forcontinuous operation at high temperatures in the combustion chamber and earlyturbine stages. A small, simple-cycle gas turbine may have a relatively lowthermodynamic efficiency, comparable to a conventional gasoline engine. Advancesin heat-resistant materials, protective coatings, and cooling arrangements havemade possible large units with simple-cycle efficiencies of 34 percent or higher. The efficiency of gas-turbine cycles can be enhanced by the use ofauxiliary equipment such as inter-coolers, regenerators, and reheaters. Thesedevices are expensive, however, and economic considerations usually precludetheir use. In a combined-cycle power plant, the considerable heat remaining in thegas turbine exhaust is directed to a boiler called a heat-recovery steamgenerator. The heat so recovered is used to raise steam for an associated steamturbine. The combined output is approximately 50 percent greater than that ofthe gas turbine alone. Combined cycles with thermal efficiency of 52 percent andhigher are being put into service. Gas turbines have been applied to thepropulsion of ships and railroad locomotives. A modified form of gas turbine,the turbojet, is used for airplane propulsion. Heavy-duty gas turbines in bothsimple and combined cycles have become important for large-scale generation ofelectricity. Unit ratings in excess of 200 megawatts (MW) are available. Thecombined-cycle output can exceed 300 MW. The usual fuels used in gas turbines are natural gas and liquids such askerosene and diesel oil. Coal can be used after conversion to gas in a separategasifier. Internal-Combustion Engines and Air PollutionAir pollution from automobile engines ( smog ) was first detected about1942 in Los Angeles, CA. Smog arises from sunlight-induced photochemicalreactions between nitrogen dioxide and the several hundred hydrocarbons in theatmosphere. Undesirable products of the reactions include ozone, aldehydes, andperoxyacylnitrates ( PAN ). These are highly oxidizing in nature and cause eyeand throat irritation. Visibility-decreasing nitrogen dioxide and aerosols arealso formed. Five categories of air pollutants and percent contribution from alltransportation source and the highway vehicle subset are show in Table -1. Virtually all of the transportation CO, about half the hydrocarbons, and aboutone-third of the nitrogen oxides come from gasoline engines. Diesel enginesaccount for the particulate. Emissions from internal-combustion engines include those from blowby,evaporation, and exhaust. These can vary considerably in amount and compositiondepending on engine type, design, and condition, fuel-system type, fuelvolatility, and engine operating point. For an automobile without emissioncontrol it is estimated that of the hydrocarbon emission, 20 to 25 percent arisefrom blowby, 60 percent from the exhaust, and the balance from evaporativelosses primarily from the fuel tank and to a lesser extent from the carburetor. All other non-hydrocarbon emissions emanate from the exhaust. At least 200 hydrocarbon (HC) compounds have been identified in exhaust. Some such as the olefin compounds react products. These are termed reactivehydrocarbons. Others such as the paraffin are virtually unreactive. Special DevelopmentsThe Stratified-Charge Engine a modification of the conventional spark-ignition piston engine, the stratified charge engine is designed to reduceemissions without the need for an exhaust-gas recirculation system or catalyticconverter. Its key feature is a dual combustion chamber for each cylinder, witha prechamber that receives a rich fuel-air mixture while the main chamber ischarged with a very lean mixture. The spark ignites the rich mixture that inturn ignites the lean main mixture. The resulting peak temperature is low enoughto inhibit the formation of nitrogen oxides, and the mean temperature issufficiently high to limit emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. Two rather distinct means for accomplishing the stratified chargecondition are under consideration :1. A single combustion chamber with a well-controlled rotating airmotion. This arrangement is illustrated (Fig.6) by the Texaco Combustion Process(TCP), patented in 1949. 2. A prechamber or two-chamber system. This is illustrated by Fig.7,which shows the general arrangement of the Honda Compound-vortex controlled-combustion (CVCC) system. For both systems, very careful development has proved to be necessary toobtain complete combustion of the fuel under the wide range of speed and loadconditions required of an automotive engine. English

The Role Of Technology Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Role Of Technology Essay, Research Paper Man is still the most extraordinary computing machine of all. John F. Kennedy Speech, May 21, 1963 As we look back in retrospect, civilisation has evolved greatly from coevals to coevals. Our promotion has been entirely dependent on one factor, the human head. The human head has brought us from the bondages of Neanderthal epoch to today s modern age. It has brought us legion of comfortss that are every bit simple as a cock to every bit sophisticated as the personal computing machine. These creative activities have multiplied exponentially and have been the crutch for our society. The anxiousness of Y2k exemplifies the magnitude in which we rely on these machines we have created. The quandary in which the development of engineering brings is a simple inquiry: To what extent should these machines govern our lives? This medium is the important reply to future endurance of our being. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Technology Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we look back to a small over two centuries ago in our universe, engineering was non every bit outstanding as it is now. A twenty-four hours in which the Equus caballus cart broke did non greatly affect day-to-day life for people in that clip period. On the other manus, conceive of a twenty-four hours when electricity stops. Airports would be shut down, communicating failures, concern loss, and etc. Recently an temblor hit the state of Taiwan, where a bulk of the semiconducting material industry is located. During the temblor with a Richter graduated table of 7.4, many of the mills halted production on computing machine french friess. In the one of two yearss the workss were shut down, stocks associating to the computing machine industry plummeted. Dell Computer announced that its 3rd one-fourth net incomes would be lower than outlooks, Gateway portions dropped, and the harm went down the concatenation to companies that were related to the computing machine industry. If the craze o ver Y2k is accurate, we will see in first manus, the appreciation in which engineering has on our society. I have observed that a popular secret plan in sci-fi novels is the impression that someday in the hereafter, computing machines will regulate our lives and we will go slaves to them. The Terminator film series is a authoritative illustration that uses this secret plan. One must inquire himself if this fiction has become a world for worlds. Weapons of mass devastation were a changeless fright for all citizens during the Cold War and are still a menace to us. Reading about the Oklahoma City bombardment, the Columbine shots, the recent Xerox shots, and so forth makes me inquire if we have become slaves to our creative activities. To happen the medium in which we can equilibrate engineering with our lives, we must understand the differences and analogues that computing machines portion with us. An evident disparity is that computers/machines do non posses the ground and intuition that a human encephalon contains. Descartes foresaw this differentiation and grounds as follows: For whereas ground is a univeral instrument which can be used in all sorts of state of affairss, these variety meats [ of animate beings, like mechanisms in general ] need some peculiar temperament for each peculiar action ; hence it is for all practical intents impossible for a machine to hold adequate different variety meats to do it move in all eventualities of life in the manner in which our grounds makes us move. ( Descartes 1637, p.140 ) Descartes continues, even though such machines might make [ or state ] some things every bit good as we do them, or possibly even better, they would necessarily neglect in others, which would uncover that they were moving non through understanding but merely from the temperament of their variety meats. There is a common misconception that computing machines are perfect in their several maps and that they are the solution to the erroneous human being. Therefore, we trust it with all of our day-to-day responsibilities. Many continue to believe that since computing machines appear to be perfect and that we trust it with all our responsibilities, finally computing machines are smarter than worlds and someday may assist us carry through all of our undertakings. We have been fascinated by the capablenesss of the new cheat title-holder, Artificial Intelligence. The fact of the affair is that Artificial Intelligence can be flawed merely like worlds can be. The Chinese Room Argument proposed by John Searle gives us a glance to the abilities of AI. The experiment requires puting individual in a room with a clump of Chinese Hagiographas. Based on the batches of direction they give you are required to decode the Chinese characters. This carbon monoxide rrelation is evidently impossible to most existences and one of Searle s decisions is: If he doesn t understand so there is no manner the system could understand because the system is merely portion of him. Behind every computing machine system or package lays a plan or codification that was created by a human being. Therefore if you believe that worlds are erroneous, so the plans created would be besides flawed sharing a analogue between machines and worlds. In order to find whether to choose the consequences from the computing machine or the ace sawbones as given in the scenario, the benefits and disadvantages of computing machines must be underlined foremost. In the paragraphs above, I have tried to happen grounds to confute the impression that computers/machines are unflawed. However, computing machines can go a great complement to our day-to-day undertakings. The quandary we face is how much or how small we should trust on engineering before it controls us. The medium is simple ; blend the best of what worlds may offer such as the flexibleness of our heads with the increased truth and efficiency of the computing machine. In this given scenario, the computing machine that predicts the possibilities of a bosom onslaught should be viewed as a 2nd sentiment. Each bosom onslaught instance varies from patient to patient, computing machines may be accurate most of the clip but on the rare occasions it may besides be incorrect. Merely a phys ician would be able to take in history particular conditions such as a rare bosom status or a phenomenon that was neer discovered. The computing machine on the other manus would either give a false end product or syntax mistake. With the benefits of a physician and the computing machine as a 2nd sentiment, the patient would so be able to do an informed determination. However, if we become wooed by the computing machine s ability to do these anticipations and hope to replace physicians someday with these devices, we so cross the thin ruddy line from utilizing it as a tool to trusting on it. Promotions in the medical field have made medical specialty pattern today, more efficient and accurate. Inventions such as the X ray have become tools or nurses for physicians. Yet with these comfortss, most physicians do non trust entirely on generated informations but besides their experience and cognition learnt making a balance between adult male and engineering. Most resistance on this affair will reason on the virtue of a few points. First and first, cost efficiency ; if we are able to change over computing machines into physicians someday imagine the reduced cost of medical advice. There would be an obvious demand for these devices and therefore driving down the monetary values for medical attending. Peoples from all fiscal backgrounds would eventually be able to afford some kind of medical advice since surgery and advice presents have become extortionate in their costs. Second, this new signifier of medical specialty is clip efficient every bit good. Alternatively of leaping from physician to sophisticate for secondary sentiment, one computing machine will bring forth the same consequence as the other devices. Third, the computing machine may be able to give a more accurate diagnosing a individual physician today without the 2nd sentiments. However, there are many ethical issues that are involved in this state of affairs. Computers will n on be able to observe any new signifiers of diseases or rare conditions therefore giving many lives. My attack to this quandary from the article in the New Yorker is straightforward. I would take into consideration what the physician informs me of and besides the statistical informations compiled by the computing machine. However, I would non trust entirely on the computing machine but besides 2nd sentiments from other heart specialists besides the primary 1. Statistically wise, if I sought out three physicians and all three said I was all right and healthy. I would take their word for it and overruling the consequence generated by the computing machine. However, if the other two physicians agreed with the computing machine my obvious pick would be to understand that a bosom onslaught might happen. The most critical component I believe in this quandary is non to trust on engineering itself. The head is far more complex than computing machine french friess that were made by worlds. If the gift of our head were compromised, so they would be apparently no demand for them. Where there is the necessary proficient accomplishment to travel mountains, there is no demand for the religion that moves mountains. Eric Hoffer Man must understand its function with engineering before any continual patterned advance or else the sci-fi books we read may someday go a world.

How To Craft a Compelling Story - Freewrite Store

How To Craft a Compelling Story - Freewrite Store How To Write With Impact Whether you’re writing a short story, novel or a sales page for your website, keeping your readers hooked is your main goal. If you fail to hook them, you lose them - and not just in the short term. They’ll remember how underwhelmed they were by your writing - and probably won’t give you a second chance. To have a positive impact on your readers, you have to impress them with your skill. Compelling content that almost forces them to keep reading will stick in their mind long after they’ve finished reading - and they’ll want to come back for more. That’s the secret to building a loyal audience that will benefit you long into the future.   Writers - just like you - come to me frustrated because they’re not happy with their writing. It lacks that attention-grabber hook that propels you from writer to storyteller. It doesn’t mean you’re not a great writer. It doesn’t mean you should quit. It just means you need to develop the skills. How To Write With Impact Writing a compelling story isn’t easy - not even when you’ve been doing it for years. You have to work hard at it, then edit, refine and improve until it’s a polished piece that could almost reach out and grab your readers by their lapels. It’s a skill you develop and practice, not something that’s innate - which is why so many writers get frustrated by the process. Related: Story vs. Plot So, what makes a compelling story? What techniques do you have to use to grab your reader’s attention and keep them firmly on those writing hooks? There’s no magic formula for this kind of powerful writing, but there are some key ingredients. What’s more, they work for content marketing, business writing and blog posts just as well as they do for fiction. Crafting content that’s compelling is a truly transferable skill. Let’s dive into the top 1.Show, Don’t Tell Okay, so this old cliche is so tired and worn out I really debated about whether to put it in - but despite its overuse, it’s still important. When you’re trying to hook your audience, it’s no good telling them how your character feels. Showthem, with a description that’s loaded with opportunities for your reader to slip into your character’s shoes and immerse themselves in the story. Related: Show and Tell Rather than explaining to your readers, you’re giving them the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Once they’re in your character’s shoes, you’ve started the process of making them care - and that means they’re much less likely to abandon the story early on. 2. Shock and Surprise Startle your readers with something they weren’t expecting. Marketers do this a lot - aiming for the shock factor - but it’s just as important if you’re writing a short story or novel. Make it truly shocking and unexpected and you’ll have your readers right where you need them. Related: Did you catch our April 1 'product launch'?   We encounter the unexpected every day - and how we respond is part of our learning process. Injecting something shocking into your writing keeps it real and (most) readers will be intrigued as to how the character handles what’s happened. Is it different from how your reader would respond? Is there something they can learn from this? The shock factor is a sure fire way to get your readers on the hook - because you’ve grabbed their attention. Now you just have to keep them on the hook. 3. Relatability Compelling writing is real, gritty, and doesn’t pull any punches. If you want to keep your readers on the hook, they have to be able to relate to what’s happening in your story. To master relatability, you have to know your audience inside out. What problems do they have? What in their lives causes them the most pain. If your reader encounters a character they can relate to, who has problems as they do, they’re automatically more engaged. Your readers care about the characters they can relate to. They don’t care about the characters they have nothing in common with. Far too often, the reason why you’re not hooking your audience is because you don’t fully understand them. 4. Raise The Stakes You’re writing about real situations (or situations that could be happening to your readers) - but that doesn’t mean you have to confine yourself to strict realism. Your readers have put themselves in your character’s shoes, been shocked by something, and can relate to the problem - so now you have to raise the stakes. What’s the worst thing that could happen to your character right now? Even if it’s not really likely, you have to raise your readers’ investment in the story you’re telling. You’re playing with their emotions now, and you can’t hold back. (Well, you could, but make it too ‘ordinary’ and your readers will slide right off the hook again.) When you raise the stakes, you create that edge-of-the-seat anticipation in your reader. You know, that feeling where you can’t put the book (or tablet, e-reader, magazine, whatever) down because you just have to find out what happens next. That’s exactly what you’re aiming for. 5. Mining The Depths Characters that your readers care about aren’t 2D cardboard cutouts. When you’re creating content - whether fiction or non-fiction - 2D cardboard cutouts aren’t going to get you the results you want. You have to bring your characters to life - so it feels like they’re living, breathing people bursting off the page. You bring your characters to life by creating layer after layer of details. To do that, you need to know everything about your character’s backstory (even if you’re just creating them for a digital marketing campaign!). I’ve had students tell me that it’s way too much effort for content marketing, and should only be for fiction, but it works for me and the results are worth the effort. It’s the little details that bring your character to life. Anchor them in real-life events that have enough detail to make it sound like you’re giving eyewitness testimony in the courtroom. Names, places, feelings, sensations, emotions - build the details until you start to feel like you are giving eyewitness testimony. 6. Make It Memorable Compelling writing leaves a lasting impression on your reader - which makes them remember you. Whether you’re a novelist or a social media marketer, your goal is to ensure that your reader remembers you. Compelling writing inspires loyalty in your readers, building an audience that is already primed to sign up for your mailing list or like your Facebook page. Making an impression on your readers isn’t easy when there are so many other writers trying to do exactly the same thing. You have to stand out. You have to get your hook so deep into your audience that they won’t be able to forget how your writing made them feel, or how your writing changed their life. One way to ensure that your readers remember you and remain firmly on your hook is to leave them with a feeling of unfinished business. Don’t resolve all of the conflicts in your story. Leave an unresolved thread that will be like a constant itch at the back of your reader’s mind. Refining Your Writing    Don’t expect your first draft to be a masterpiece of compelling writing. While some writers may be ready to publish after the second draft, most writers go through multiple drafts. I don’t put a number limit on my drafting process - I redraft until I’m happy that I’ve done everything I can. Sometimes it takes five drafts. Other times it takes fifteen. I’m a ruthless editor, too. Crafting compelling stories isn’t something you can do in an evening, sitting with your laptop on your knee in front of the TV. Cut out all the distractions and immerse yourself in your characters’ world. Distractions and interruptions only dilute the strength of your writing. Give your writing the dedicated time it deserves, and you’ll master the art of writing with an impact much more quickly.       About the author: Ariella is an experienced copywriter, editor, and digital marketing consultant. Driven by a passion for writing and content creation she takes pride in producing articles that deliver the latest information in an engaging manner and marketing campaigns that deliver exceptional results. Ariella has a BA (Hons) in English Language and Creative Writing (First), an MA in Theology and Ministry, and is a published author of three novels and a bestselling non-fiction book. A creative at heart, Ariella has 14 years’ industry experience and always aims to keep abreast of current trends and developments. She lives in the UK with her three beagles Zeke, Hope, and Sandy, who always make life interesting. How To Craft a Compelling Story - Freewrite Store How To Write With Impact Whether you’re writing a short story, novel or a sales page for your website, keeping your readers hooked is your main goal. If you fail to hook them, you lose them - and not just in the short term. They’ll remember how underwhelmed they were by your writing - and probably won’t give you a second chance. To have a positive impact on your readers, you have to impress them with your skill. Compelling content that almost forces them to keep reading will stick in their mind long after they’ve finished reading - and they’ll want to come back for more. That’s the secret to building a loyal audience that will benefit you long into the future.   Writers - just like you - come to me frustrated because they’re not happy with their writing. It lacks that attention-grabber hook that propels you from writer to storyteller. It doesn’t mean you’re not a great writer. It doesn’t mean you should quit. It just means you need to develop the skills. How To Write With Impact Writing a compelling story isn’t easy - not even when you’ve been doing it for years. You have to work hard at it, then edit, refine and improve until it’s a polished piece that could almost reach out and grab your readers by their lapels. It’s a skill you develop and practice, not something that’s innate - which is why so many writers get frustrated by the process. Related: Story vs. Plot So, what makes a compelling story? What techniques do you have to use to grab your reader’s attention and keep them firmly on those writing hooks? There’s no magic formula for this kind of powerful writing, but there are some key ingredients. What’s more, they work for content marketing, business writing and blog posts just as well as they do for fiction. Crafting content that’s compelling is a truly transferable skill. Let’s dive into the top 1.Show, Don’t Tell Okay, so this old cliche is so tired and worn out I really debated about whether to put it in - but despite its overuse, it’s still important. When you’re trying to hook your audience, it’s no good telling them how your character feels. Showthem, with a description that’s loaded with opportunities for your reader to slip into your character’s shoes and immerse themselves in the story. Related: Show and Tell Rather than explaining to your readers, you’re giving them the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Once they’re in your character’s shoes, you’ve started the process of making them care - and that means they’re much less likely to abandon the story early on. 2. Shock and Surprise Startle your readers with something they weren’t expecting. Marketers do this a lot - aiming for the shock factor - but it’s just as important if you’re writing a short story or novel. Make it truly shocking and unexpected and you’ll have your readers right where you need them. Related: Did you catch our April 1 'product launch'?   We encounter the unexpected every day - and how we respond is part of our learning process. Injecting something shocking into your writing keeps it real and (most) readers will be intrigued as to how the character handles what’s happened. Is it different from how your reader would respond? Is there something they can learn from this? The shock factor is a sure fire way to get your readers on the hook - because you’ve grabbed their attention. Now you just have to keep them on the hook. 3. Relatability Compelling writing is real, gritty, and doesn’t pull any punches. If you want to keep your readers on the hook, they have to be able to relate to what’s happening in your story. To master relatability, you have to know your audience inside out. What problems do they have? What in their lives causes them the most pain. If your reader encounters a character they can relate to, who has problems as they do, they’re automatically more engaged. Your readers care about the characters they can relate to. They don’t care about the characters they have nothing in common with. Far too often, the reason why you’re not hooking your audience is because you don’t fully understand them. 4. Raise The Stakes You’re writing about real situations (or situations that could be happening to your readers) - but that doesn’t mean you have to confine yourself to strict realism. Your readers have put themselves in your character’s shoes, been shocked by something, and can relate to the problem - so now you have to raise the stakes. What’s the worst thing that could happen to your character right now? Even if it’s not really likely, you have to raise your readers’ investment in the story you’re telling. You’re playing with their emotions now, and you can’t hold back. (Well, you could, but make it too ‘ordinary’ and your readers will slide right off the hook again.) When you raise the stakes, you create that edge-of-the-seat anticipation in your reader. You know, that feeling where you can’t put the book (or tablet, e-reader, magazine, whatever) down because you just have to find out what happens next. That’s exactly what you’re aiming for. 5. Mining The Depths Characters that your readers care about aren’t 2D cardboard cutouts. When you’re creating content - whether fiction or non-fiction - 2D cardboard cutouts aren’t going to get you the results you want. You have to bring your characters to life - so it feels like they’re living, breathing people bursting off the page. You bring your characters to life by creating layer after layer of details. To do that, you need to know everything about your character’s backstory (even if you’re just creating them for a digital marketing campaign!). I’ve had students tell me that it’s way too much effort for content marketing, and should only be for fiction, but it works for me and the results are worth the effort. It’s the little details that bring your character to life. Anchor them in real-life events that have enough detail to make it sound like you’re giving eyewitness testimony in the courtroom. Names, places, feelings, sensations, emotions - build the details until you start to feel like you are giving eyewitness testimony. 6. Make It Memorable Compelling writing leaves a lasting impression on your reader - which makes them remember you. Whether you’re a novelist or a social media marketer, your goal is to ensure that your reader remembers you. Compelling writing inspires loyalty in your readers, building an audience that is already primed to sign up for your mailing list or like your Facebook page. Making an impression on your readers isn’t easy when there are so many other writers trying to do exactly the same thing. You have to stand out. You have to get your hook so deep into your audience that they won’t be able to forget how your writing made them feel, or how your writing changed their life. One way to ensure that your readers remember you and remain firmly on your hook is to leave them with a feeling of unfinished business. Don’t resolve all of the conflicts in your story. Leave an unresolved thread that will be like a constant itch at the back of your reader’s mind. Refining Your Writing    Don’t expect your first draft to be a masterpiece of compelling writing. While some writers may be ready to publish after the second draft, most writers go through multiple drafts. I don’t put a number limit on my drafting process - I redraft until I’m happy that I’ve done everything I can. Sometimes it takes five drafts. Other times it takes fifteen. I’m a ruthless editor, too. Crafting compelling stories isn’t something you can do in an evening, sitting with your laptop on your knee in front of the TV. Cut out all the distractions and immerse yourself in your characters’ world. Distractions and interruptions only dilute the strength of your writing. Give your writing the dedicated time it deserves, and you’ll master the art of writing with an impact much more quickly.       About the author: Ariella is an experienced copywriter, editor, and digital marketing consultant. Driven by a passion for writing and content creation she takes pride in producing articles that deliver the latest information in an engaging manner and marketing campaigns that deliver exceptional results. Ariella has a BA (Hons) in English Language and Creative Writing (First), an MA in Theology and Ministry, and is a published author of three novels and a bestselling non-fiction book. A creative at heart, Ariella has 14 years’ industry experience and always aims to keep abreast of current trends and developments. She lives in the UK with her three beagles Zeke, Hope, and Sandy, who always make life interesting.

The Influence of Farming on the IS Economy

The Influence of Farming on the IS Economy From the nations earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly valued in the United States. Early in the nations life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic virtues such as hard work, initiative, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans - particularly immigrants who may have never held any land and did not have ownership over their own labor or products - found that owning a farm was a ticket into the American economic system. Even people who moved out of farming often used land as a commodity that could easily be bought and sold, opening another avenue for profit. The American Farmers Role in the US Economy The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic bouts of overproduction that have depressed prices. For long periods, the  government helped smooth out the worst of these episodes. But in recent years, such assistance has declined, reflecting governments desire to cut its own spending, as well as the farm sectors reduced political influence. American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under extremely favorable natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is modest to abundant over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not. Large capital investments and increasing use of highly trained labor also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see todays farmers driving tractors with air-conditioned cabs hitched to very expensive, fast-moving plows, tillers, and harvesters. Biotechnology has led to the development of seeds that are disease- and drought-resistant. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used (too commonly, according to some environmentalists). Computers track farm operations, and even space technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. Whats more, researchers periodically introduce new food products and new methods for raising them, such as artificial ponds to raise fish. Farmers have not repealed some of the fundamental laws of nature, however. They still must contend with forces beyond their control - most notably the weather. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often unrelated to the general economy. Government Assistance to Farmers Calls for government assistance come when factors work against the farmers success; at times, when different factors converge to push farms over the edge into failure, pleas for help are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, overproduction, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to present what seemed like insurmountable odds to many American farmers. The government responded with sweeping agricultural reforms - most notably, a system of price supports. This large-scale intervention, which was unprecedented, continued until the late 1990s, when Congress dismantled many of the support programs. By the late 1990s, the U.S. farm economy continued its own cycle of ups and downs, booming in 1996 and 1997, then entering another slump in the subsequent two years. But it was a different farm economy than had existed at the centurys start. - This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

Analyze the scholarly literature for ways in which a leader Research Paper

Analyze the scholarly literature for ways in which a leader facilitates the creation of a shared vision - Research Paper Example When the Romans came to speak with the slaves, they asked who was Spartacus, and Spartacus immediately stood up and stated that he was Spartacus. After he did this, every man stood up as well as said that he was Spartacus, and every man was crucified for this. The point that Senge was trying to make was that Spartacus, as a leader, was able to transmit a shared vision to which every slave was committed, and this vision was that they all should be free. Because he was able to do this for his men, they literally would die for him (Senge, 1990, pp. 205-206). So, how does a leader inspire this same sort of loyalty? By creating a shared vision. A shared vision is one that the leader envisions, and every follower envisions the same thing. Each person in the organization has a picture in their heads about this vision, and this vision is in their hearts, a part of each and every person. Each person cares about this vision, and desire to be connected to everybody else in carrying out this vision. In other words, it is not just the leader conjuring up a vision for the organization, and transmitting the vision, essentially imposing his vision on others. It is the leader transmitting this vision in such a way that every member of the organization has the same vision, therefore will be truly committed to make the vision happen (Senge, 1990, p. 206). How this shared vision comes into being, along with ideas on making this happen that are the ideas of other researchers and writers, is the topic of this paper. The first factor in creating a shared vision is by acknowledging the strengths of individual members, and by acknowledging each individual members personal vision of the organization at its best (Senge, 1990, p. 212). Essential to this is composing a team, as opposed to a group. Plenart (1995) tells the story of team building in Malaysia. His team was composed of a mix of Muslims, Buddhists and Hindus who, initially, did not understand one

The critique of We are raising a generation of deluded narcissts Essay - 1

The critique of We are raising a generation of deluded narcissts - Essay Example This is often the scenario among families today. Parents willingly give the latest gadgets to their children to express their love, to keep them up-dated or simply for them to have some â€Å"companion† while the parents are busy working. However, with such mentality, parents are actively culturing a generation of deluded narcissists as Dr. Keith Ablow would term it. The aforementioned psychologist discusses the making of such a generation in his article on Fox News. This paper will analyze and critique the idea that a generation of egocentric kids is being molded through the use of social media and computer games. In We are Raising a Generation of Deluded Narcissists, Dr. Keith Ablow talks about how young people are becoming egomaniac these days. He says that a study of college students show that they are more confident about themselves and their successes even though their grades are showing otherwise. Children engaging in computer games tend to associate with the characters of the games and think that they are as good as the real stars. Moreover, with the use of facebook, they can choose the photographs they like in order to project a wonderful story of their lives. They can also block the friends who dislike them, resulting to a delusional friendship which is fed by the reciprocation of desired feedbacks. They tend to see themselves as loveable because of their thousands of friends on facebook and followers on twitter and not realize that they are not even able to really socialize well in real life. With the belief that this is an epidemic, Dr. Ablow concludes with the challenge to combat it. In the aforementioned article, Dr. Ablow brings into the open what is happening among modern children who are playing computer games and using social media everyday as part of their routines. He brings to the reader’s attention the fact that there is a psychological effect of the

Belonging creativwe writting Essay Example for Free

Belonging creativwe writting Essay It has been a year since I moved out of home to attend a prestigious school. I have met new people, made new friends, and gotten use to moving around this town since when I first arrived. Although I am extremely happy about where I stand today, I’ve started to get this uneasy feeling, is it because I haven’t been feeling well or is it because I’ve started to dream more about those back at my home town. I’m running late to school again, if mum was here I wouldn’t hear the end of how I’m going to be scolded by the teacher, as much as I hated hearing it I wonder why I’m remembering it now. I got to school 10 min late for the first period. I got scolded by the teacher and got held back in class for the time I lost. I looked out the window and remembered back at school at my home town, always causing mischief and constantly being scolded, I felt a little bit happy and nostalgic mesmerising the past. It was time for roll call. I had to give a note to the teacher explaining why I was late. Rather than being scolded, he gave me short lesson of advice on how to prioritize my time. At some point I looked around the class seeing all my friends talking and laughing, it reminded me back of back at school in my home town. It was the same, although when the teacher would try to give me advice I would argue, and frustrate the teacher. I acted like a child always thinking I was right. It made me giggle a bit of how much mischief I use to get myself into. The teacher asked me if I found anything he said was funny, I apologised for being rude and listened to what he had to say until the bell for recess rung. My close friends weren’t at school today, they had a field trip for biology so I sat by myself on the silver seats in the shade and took out my recess. Watching everyone talk and play made me feel a bit lonely, it reminded me of when I first moved here, I thought I wasn’t going to make any friends and I was too shy and afraid to talk to anyone so I sat by myself at recess. Although now it’s different I have good friends here that make me happy. Then I remembered my childhood friends, all the games we played, all the laughs we had, all the arguments and fights, it felt nostalgic it brought a smile to my face that I haven’t shown in a while and it also hurt me just as much when I remember the day I left to come to this school. I wonder if they still think about me, I wonder how they all are, are they fine, are they doing well, are they still the same even without me being there and causing mischief. I wonder. Recess finished, and now I have my Health and PE class. When I arrived at class, I found a substitute teacher. He announced that our teacher will not be teaching for the rest of the week as they are sick. Instead of giving out the work he allowed us to have PE for both periods, he gave out a range of sports for us to choose form, once we decided we were playing. Everyone was sweating and laughing and enjoying themselves. I remembered back at my old school in my hometown when we would trick the substitute teacher in letting us play for two periods and the ruckus we caused because of it, it made me laugh a little bit and continued to play. ` Class ended, everyone is tired and exhausted. I went down for lunch and saw my friends; they had come back from their trip. I felt a little relieved it let me forget about a little about leaving my old friends. We talked about their trip and what they did, it seemed like they had a lot of fun. As we finished our lunch and headed towards the field and we lie down in our usual spot and relax and talk about what ever came to our mind. Without noticing the lunch bell rang and we stayed, everyone was leaving but we were too busy chatting we didn’t notice. Then a girl came running to tell us we’d be scolded again if we were late again after lunch. As we walked towards class I couldn’t take my eyes off her, I’ve had a crush on her since I came to this school, I don’t know why but it feels as though I’ve known her from somewhere. Then once again I remembered the girl I liked in my old school, I could never talk to her, I was too shy despite my mischievous self. I felt a little down because in the end I never told her before I moved and kept thinking if the same would happen again. During the last two periods I slacked off a little trying to think why I’ve been thinking so much about my old friends, about my home town. I couldn’t come up with an answer, but it hurt, it hurt so much, that I didn’t feel like I belonged here, but why? I’ve made good friends here; I feel at ease, I even have someone I like so why does it hurt so much. The final bell rang and it was time to head home, I didn’t feel like going home so I took a detour and went the longer way around, a longer way than usual that I didn’t know where I was going but kept going. I found myself on top of a hill; there was a small field of grass going down the hill. I took my bag off and sat down. I remembered that when I always felt upset and lonely I’d run off to a secret spot behind the woods of the park in my home town. There would be a grass field just like this. It calmed me down it made me feel like I was back at home, I felt a little relieved. I stayed there for a while, until it started to get dark so I headed back home. On my way I bought a few things to make food at home, on my way home I kept thinking how much I wanted to see my friends and family once again, just once would be enough. I got towards my apartment and saw my light on, I ran, I ran as quick as I could, I swung open the door and said â€Å"Mom, dad I’m home.† I looked around and there was no one; it looks like I forgot to turn off the light before I left again. All these old memories of my home town made my edgy, and showed me just how empty I really was. I finally realised why it hurt so much, and why it wouldn’t go away, and why it kept hurting more and more every time I thought about it. The truth was I was trying to cover up the fact that I truly don’t belong here no matter how much I try my heart and memories are anchored back at home and that’s where they’ll stay.

William Wallace :: essays research papers

Patriot, Thief, Guardian, Traitor: William Wallace has been many things to many people. However, since Mel Gibson's 1995 film, 'Braveheart', to most he is a freedom fighter and icon of Scottish independence. Little contemporary record remains, and what information we do have comes, in the main, from biographers like Blind Harry, written over two hundred years later with their own agenda. What is known about Wallace's early years is that, unlike the other potential leaders of the Scots at the time, he was of undistinguished birth. Whilst not the peasant or 'man of the people' of legend, Wallace was a mere knight and nowhere near the aristocratic league of Robert the Bruce, for example. His opinion of the English was hardly improved when, in 1291, his father was killed in a skirmish with English troops. With Edward I's assumption of feudal lordship over Scotland and the subsequent humiliation of John of Gaunt, the rightful king, the political scene was primed for rebellion. Edward, through his treasurer, Hugh Cressingham, squeezed taxation from the Scots and popular support was on the side of the rebels. Wallace's first act of note was a strike against the imposed English authorities, when he killed William Heselrig, the English Sheriff of Lanark. Gathering men around him as his rebellion gathered momentum, Wallace's greatest victory came at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. This 1297 rout of the larger English force brought Wallace to national prominence. However, the Scots fought under the command of Andrew Murray, rather than the unproven Wallace. Murray's death in the battle left all the credit to Wallace. The battle of Falkirk, the next year, saw Wallace in sole control of the Scottish forces and tactics. His use of 'schiltrons', or dense formations of troops, failed to repel the English cavalry and the Scots were defeated, taking heavy losses. This defeat forced Wallace to resign the Guardianship of Scotland that he had been awarded after Stirling Bridge. As the rebellion continued, the Scottish nobility decided in increasing numbers to look for a compromise with Edward. Failure to obtain an alliance with France against the English led Robert the Bruce to reconcile with the English king, in 1302. Wallace's refusal to brook any compromise or accomodation with the English began to look increasingly isolated and exposed. Edward declared Wallace to be an outlaw and traitor. Legally, he could now be killed without guilt, and harbouring him was also an act of treason.

High School and District Championship

Holding the ball in my hands, sweat pouring off my forehead into my eyes, I stare confidently at the hoop, ready to shoot my first free throw. My teammates are lined up behind me at the half court line yelling words of encouragement. I shoot my first shot and the ball flies through the air. After what seems like centuries, it sinks in the rim with a loud swoosh, and the crowd roars. My teammates rush up to me, high- fiving and slapping me on the back. The game is tied and I have one more shot. The eferee tosses me the ball and the gym falls silent.Adrenaline coursing through my veins, I shoot the second shot. It rolls around the rim and falls in. The gym is alive with excitement as the final buzzer sounds and all my teammates are on their feet jumping and cheering, some crying with Joy. We won the state championship! In the midst of all this, a strange thought enters my mind. Where would I be if I hadn't been in basketball? My basketball career started in 4th grade. Back then the onl y thing I really wanted to do was run around, dribble a ball, and hang out with friends. Practices were all very basic: plenty of layups and dribbling drills, and not much shooting or running.When our season began, we went into the games Just for fun; however, we started getting better and going into games with a â€Å"NO LOSE† attitude. We ended our fourth grade season undefeated. This is where my love of the game started. This devotion continued throughout later elementary and middle school. We have been extremely lucky to have 5 girls who have remained constant through all of the adversity we have faced together. When I started high school, I had to go hrough a big change that I had never experience before. I was no longer the star. I had girls four years older than me, not to mention much better.I had to earn my spot. Though I didn't play much varsity my freshman year, I learned many ways to improve. The last game of my freshman year was the district championship against our arch-rivals St. Thomas More, which we lost. As I was sitting in the locker room, watching the senior girls cry and listening to them apologizing for not getting us farther, I started setting goals in my head. Our coach came in after the game, gave us piece of paper and told us to write down what we needed to improve, so the seniors the following year wouldn't feel that way.That next summer we pulled those papers out and we started to improve on our flaws. My sophomore year was one that I will never forget. The transition from my freshman year to my sophomore year was a little more drastic. Instead of sitting the bench like I had the previous year, I was now starting varsity as a point guard. Starting the season with this big of a responsibility was very nerve-wracking on me, but my teammates and coaches, gave e a great deal of confidence that carried me through the season.We had two amazing seniors that were great leaders and very effective on the court. The night before the dis trict championship, I was admitted into the hospital for appendicitis. It was the worst feeling I had ever had in my life. The thought of letting my team down tore me apart. I called my head coach at 4 am the morning of the game, letting him know what had happened and that I wouldn't be playing that day. Three hours later I nad my appendix taken out. All I remember is lying in the hospital bed crying, hinking why this had to happen to me when it did.When I woke up after surgery, my coach had come to see how I was doing and to let me know that this had happened for a reason and that we would make it work. He told me that if I wasn't able to go to the game, he would bring me a radio on the way so I could be sure to listen, and that he would stop afterwards to let me know how it went and I could see the team. After all day lying in my hospital bed crying, I was released at 2 pm that day and the first place I went was the gym. When I walked in, my team gathered around me to make ure I w as 0k.As I continued to watch them shoot, I decided I wanted to go to the game, but I didn't want to ride with anyone other than the team. I checked with my mom and she allowed me to ride the bus to the game. Sitting on the sideline, I watched my team win the district championship. My day went from terrible to amazing in less than two hours. It was a great feeling when a few of my teammates came up to me and said, â€Å"This was for you! † The season continued after that, and we won the regional championship, and we made our first trip to the2009 State Tournament, and we placed 3rd.After all that success my sophomore year, we hit some adversity starting into my Junior summer. After our trip to state, our head coach got an offer for a different coaching position at a bigger school, and our assistant also got another Job offer teaching. We were left coach-less, and the 5 of us that had been together through everything up to this point didn't know what we were going to do. A few of us started going to open gym in another town, so we could play, because we had no one to open it for us at home. We older girls tried getting everyone together to see what their thoughts on the situation were.Finally, in August of my Junior year, they hired someone. It was such a relief knowing that our season wasn't going to be dropped before it even started. We had a few open gyms with the new guy, and suddenly he quit. He left us a week and a half before our official season started. There we were again, shocked and hopeless, some of us wanting to move to another town, Just so we could play. Then our current coach took the position. He had been the boys head coach for a few years having Just a couple successful seasons.The team had a meeting the Tuesday before practice started and he asked us to make eam goals for the season; we told him, â€Å"A trip to the state tournament, and an undefeated season. † Coach looked at us crazy but wrote them down. We started the season off stronger than ever, winning all of our games until it came to the West River Tournament, which we had been back-to-back champs the previous years. We played Wall and they ended up beating us by 3 in the championship game. It was devastating; we couldn't believe they took our perfect season, Just like that. After that game we came back ready to kill, and that's exactly what we did.We went into the istrict championship 21-1 . That â€Å"NO LOSE† attitude came back into effect and we won the district championship and the region championship for the second year in a row. We went back to state and played our hearts out, with the help of one amazing senior who played a huge role in our team's success. We finished 5th as consolation champions. As I reflect on the many years I have put into this game, I can't help but still wonder where I would be without it. I have learned so much about life, relationships, and hardships through this experience.With the help of basketball I m a ble to be a good leader, can work through adversity, and am a competitor through any obstacles I am torced to tace. As a senior, this year is the beginning ot the end of my high school basketball career, and I want nothing less than a state championship. I want to feel the rush of being on the line, with the game in my hands, and seizing that opportunity to make my teammates proud; to prove that all that hard work and hours in the gym has paid off. I want to leave the Newell Lady Irrigators knowing we accomplished something great, and that we will always be remembered.

Some People Think That Students Benefit

Some people think that students benefit from going to private secondary schools. Do you agree or disagree? Parents are always making all efforts sending their children to good schools and private secondary schools always can provide better education. Many people argue that studying in private middle school brings a lot of benefits to students. Others, on the other hand, claim that several problems may emerge if children going to private schools when they are in their adolescence. Before rendering my opinion, I think it is important to take a glance at the arguments on both sides. Some people strongly believe that it may arouse some problems both to parents and their children. For one thing, the tuition fees in private schools which belong to some individuals are higher than those of public schools which receive financial support from the government. It is a big financial burden to some families, especially those ordinary families with more than two children. Next, there are a large number of students who are from the royal family or family with big fortune and power choose to go to private schools. They have a sense of superiority over others, so other fellow students may have difficulties making friends with them. More important, potential discrimination may do harm to children’s mental health. Furthermore, too many expectations given by their parents may lay too much stress on their children and as a consequence result in fierce peer competition. However, there are also some others who contend that private secondary schools have more merits than drawbacks. First and foremost, teachers are mostly of high academic quality and schools are furnished with sufficient and sound teaching facilities. Thus students can acquire knowledge in a pleasant environment. Moreover, small classes are usually adopted in private school which is more effective and guarantees students with more face to face communication chances. Thirdly, some special courses such as manners, tea ceremony and financial management are available in private schools. As part of extracurricular courses, it plays a positive role in students’ knowledge enrichment and temperament cultivation. To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well-grounded. In my opinion, if money permitting, it is much better to receive secondary education in private school. There are sufficient equipment and resources for study and mini-class teaching makes students more concentrating on their studies. What is more, encouraging students to participate in some special courses can cultivate their taste and improve their comprehensive quality.

Amritsar and Kerala Essays

Amritsar and Kerala Essays Amritsar and Kerala Essay Amritsar and Kerala Essay Amritsar Amritsar is a city in north-western part in India. It is the spiritual centre for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the Golden Temple in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion.Punjabi culturePunjabi culture: encompasses cuisine, science, technology, military warfare, architecture, traditions, values and history.Punjabi music: Music and Dances of Punjab Bhangra is one of the many Punjabi musical art forms that is increasingly being listened to in the west and is becoming a mainstream favourite. The overall style can range from the high energy Bhangra mens dance to the more reserved Jhumar, the Gidha womens dance. Punjabi dresses: The traditional dress for Punjabi men is the Punjabi Kurta and Tehmat which is being replaced by the kurta and pajama, especially the popular Muktsari style in India. The traditional dress for women is the Punjabi Salwar Suit which replaced the traditional Punjabi Ghagra. The Patiala salwar is also very popular.Kerala Kerala, regionally referred to as Keralam, is a state in the south-west region of India on the Malabar coast. There are mostly Malayalam-speaking regions. The state capital is Thiruvananthapuram, other major cities include Kochi, Kozhikode, Thrissur, and Kollam.Kerala Music and Dances A Kathakali artist A mohiniattam performance Festivals of Kerala The annual snake boat race is performed during Onam Celebrations on the Pamba RiverOnam is a harvest festival celebrated by the people of Kerala, India. It is also the state festival of Kerala.Dresses of Kerala The mundu is a garment worn around the waist in Kerala, the Tulunadu region, and also in Maldives. This garment is closely related to the Dhoti, Sarong, and Lungi. In South Kanara, a district

The Science Courses Needed for College Admission

The Science Courses Needed for College Admission When applying to college, youll find that requirements for high school preparation in science vary greatly from school to school, but in general, the strongest applicants have taken biology, physics, and chemistry. As you might expect, institutions with a focus in science or engineering often require more science education than a typical liberal arts college, but even among top science and engineering schools, the required and recommended coursework can vary significantly. What Science Courses Do Colleges Want to See? Some colleges list the science courses that they expect students to have completed in high school; when stated, these courses usually include biology, chemistry, and/or physics. Even if a college doesnt specifically outline these requirements, its probably a good idea to have taken at least, two, if not all three of these courses, as they provide a strong general foundation for college-level STEM classes. This is especially important for students hoping to pursue a degree in fields such as engineering or one of the natural sciences. Note that earth science does not tend to be on the list of courses colleges hope to see. This doesnt mean it isnt a useful class, but if you have a choice between, for example, earth science or AP biology, opt for the latter. Many colleges stipulate that high school science classes must have a laboratory component in order to fulfill their science requirements. In general, standard or advanced biology, chemistry, and physics courses will include a lab, but if youve taken any non-lab science classes or electives at your school, make sure youre aware of the specific requirements of the colleges or universities you apply to in case your courses dont qualify. The table below summarizes the required and recommended science preparation from a number of top American institutions. Be sure to check directly with colleges for the most recent requirements. School Science Requirement Auburn University 2 years required (1 biology and 1 physical science) Carleton College 1 year (lab science) required, 2 or more years recommended Centre College 2 years (lab science) recommended Georgia Tech 4 years required Harvard University 4 years recommended (physics, chemistry, biology, and one of those advanced are preferred) MIT 3 years required (physics, chemistry, and biology) NYU 3-4 years (lab science) recommended Pomona College 2 years required, 3 years recommended Smith College 3 years (lab science) required Stanford University 3 or more years (lab science) recommended UCLA 2 years required, 3 years recommended (from biology, chemistry or physics) University of Illinois 2 years (lab science) required, 4 years recommended University of Michigan 3 years required; 4 years required for engineering/nursing Williams College 3 years (lab science) recommended Dont be fooled by the word recommended in a schools admissions guidelines. If a selective college recommends a course, it is most definitely in your best interest to follow the recommendation. Your academic record, after all, is the most important part of your college application. The strongest applicants will have completed the recommended courses. Students who simply meet the minimum requirements will not stand out from the applicant pool. What If Your High School Doesnt Offer the Recommended Courses? Its extremely rare for a high school to not offer the basic courses in the natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics). That said if a college recommends four years of science including courses at an advanced level, students from smaller schools may find the courses simply arent available.   If this describes your situation, dont panic. Keep in mind that colleges want to see that students have taken the most challenging courses available to them. If a certain course isnt offered by your school, a college shouldnt penalize you for not taking a course that doesnt exist. That said, selective colleges also want to enroll students who are well prepared for college, so coming from a high school that doesnt offer challenging college preparatory classes can be a detriment. The admissions office may recognize that you took the most challenging science courses offered at your school, but the student from another school who completed AP Chemistry and AP Biology may be the more attractive applicant because of that students level of college preparation. You do, however, have other options. If youre aiming for top-tier colleges but coming from a high school with limited academic offerings, talk to your guidance counselor about your goals and your concerns. If there is a community college within commuting distance of your home, you might be able to take college classes in the sciences. Doing so has the added benefit that the class credits might transfer to your future college. If a community college isnt an option, look into online AP classes in the sciences or online science classes offered by accredited colleges and universities. Just be sure to read reviews before choosing an online option- some courses are much better than others. Also, keep in mind that online science courses are unlikely to fulfill the lab component that colleges often require.   A Final Word About Science in High School For any college or university, you will be in the best position if you have taken biology, chemistry, and physics. Even when a college requires just one or two years of science, your application will be stronger if youve taken courses in all three of those subject areas. For the countrys most selective colleges, biology, chemistry, and physics represent the minimum requirements. The strongest applicants will have taken advanced courses in one or more of those subject areas. For example, a student might take biology in 10th grade and then AP biology in 11th or 12th grade. Advanced Placement and college classes in the sciences do an excellent job demonstrating your college readiness in science.

Leadership & the Role of Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership & the Role of Managers - Essay Example 4. She is an innovator. I have observed, on more than one occasion a creative and innovative solution is required to solve day to day issues. It is not just application of technology or application of mind but more than that. Innovate in her own small but effective way. 5. She is an entrepreneur. The ideas and opinions innovated or solutions worked out for the day to day issues are implemented boldly. This requires an entrepreneurial skill that comprises of boldness in action and clarity in thought. 1. She delays or procrastinates decisions. Where she is not sure instead hunting around and finding a solution immediately, she invariably drags the decision until it is clear to her by itself or somebody else clears it. 2. She has no time for new technologies happening else where in the world. There are developments happening else where and better methods adopted by various people all over the place. This she is not able to identify and apply since she finds time a rare specimen to study and gather the knowledge required. This would weaken her further with passage of time. 3. Her approach towards people management is one of intuition and personal.

Tesla Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tesla Analysis - Essay Example Tesla continues to decrease limitations and make them better with each new model as envisaged in the Tesla Model S. There has been low allocation of research and development funds by established automobile companies to electric vehicles allowing Tesla a competitive advantage and the success in the market (Hartung, Par. 14). Tesla has the iconic CEO and founder Elon Musk to thank for access to best engineers and access funds easily beating the established brands on this front especially access to talent. Tesla chose a market demographic consisting of wealthy, environmentally conscious, and educated people providing it with reputational advantage over established companies like Ford. The demographic also offers Tesla access to high margins on each car sale owing to the ability of the market segment to pay for high-performance car that sacrifices very little to efficiency. Innovation also allowed Tesla to overcome the above barriers in the market including the introduction of direct sales to the consumers cutting expenses on dealers and the need to have networks. The other benefit of innovation is that the company was in a position to produce high performing electric car and with innovation it is currently continuing the provision of charging stations to meet client needs and concerns as well as develop the electric market

A Comparison of Traditional and Non Traditional Way of Living Essay

A Comparison of Traditional and Non Traditional Way of Living - Essay Example However, there is not much pressure for children to break away from their families because they are taught to value family more than wealth. Moreover, the norms in our community suggest a simple and timid way of living. There is not much challenge that can really force a person to plan and strategize in order to break away from poverty and difficulties of rural living. Instead, the similar lives of each family somehow seem to say that life in Bhutan is just fine because it is how everybody in the community lives. Being of Nepali origin who was born in Bhutan, I became one of the refugees who suffered many difficulties. The refugee camps were made of bamboo, mud, and plastic. The camp is not a good place to live in but we did not have any choice. Therefore, we have to endure the extremely harsh circumstances brought to us. Living in camps is the worst experience I ever had. It was worse than the lives of many animals. Some animals are given good homes and enough food but we lived with just small spaces allotted for each member of the family. So many times, food is not enough for all of us so we learned to share what meager food is available. In addition, there was no electricity so we also suffered the heat and cold through changing seasons. We were also in dire need of water and sanitation. Life in camps means being thankful we are still alive. We had no right to complain. We only had to hope and pray that someday, the sun will shine brightly on us. Thankfully, that day finally came for me in 2010 when I resettled in the United States. The American lifestyle is completely different from what I have been used to. There are no friends to have a lazy chat with and no time that we can afford to waste. Even in rural areas, American living has high demands because of the standard of living.

Outsourcing and Total Quality Standard Comparison

Outsourcing and Total Quality Standard Comparison 1.0 INTRODUCTION Human resource strategies are taking the is very vital for an organization, different type strategies may produce different type of result. There are two strategic issues facing human resource management which may critically influence operation of an organization. Outsourcing can be defines as a subcontracting work to a related organization or a company that specializes in and is more efficient to produce the output rather than completing in internally. Outsourcing also commonly are one of the organization provide sources or service for another organization, involving an agreement to exchange payment or other services. Besides the outsourcing strategic, total quality standards also are the best strategic that being used by human resources management. Total Quality Standards are best known as an organization effort to continually improving their business and product in the way to increasing business and reduce unnecessary practices. Total quality management is also aim to improve the quality into a service, produce or knowledge in order to continue meets the customer satisfaction. 2.0 Advantages of the strategies 2.1 Outsourcing Outsourcings are benefits to most of the business activities, one of the benefits are common being known by the company are its cost low and perform high quality product. Outsourcing meaning that organizations may not have to worry about the labor problem, wages problem and quality problem from the product due to different in lower price source are able to be found in different countries. The company may except that an external expert may do it more better quality output and more cheaply than company do it internally. Therefore, company can reduce their cost fee thought the outsourcing strategies in order the company can streamline its cash flow problem. In addition, an organization can have high quality output and lower cost in same time. Companies get advantage in kill two birds with one stones. 2.2 Total Quality Standard The core benefit of total quality standard is helpful in meeting the competition. Total quality standard are extremely helpful in understanding the competition of the environment today. Nowadays, there is increasing importance to organization in this full of the competitive environment which quality improvement is important to ensure consumer satisfaction. This management can prevent and detect more effectively in what kind of error-prone is occurring in the product or service. For instance, organizations able make a better vision to reach their future goal and able keep up with the times changing. Furthermore, an organization able to identify and eliminate the weakness in the business in order to provide high quality services and produce to their customers. It’s can be done through the decision making process in order to measure what are the necessary thing are need to be proceed to make the company produce a high quality output. 3.0 Challenge of the strategic issue 3.1 Outsourcing Although there is numerous of benefits are toward to outsourcing strategic, however one of the biggest challenge that outsourcing facing is hard to synchronizing the deliverable. It can be arise if the companies do not proper select a right partner for outsourcing, in case stretched delivery time frame will be occurred. Furthermore, this may lead more problem approaches including time-consuming and quality of output may influences into substandard quality output, organization may confronting more operational challenges and cost pressure. If the outsource company does not supplying on time, it may deal a great damage to the organization reputation. Due to these problems, organizations are more likely to regulate these internally rather than an outsourcing partner. 3.2 Total Quality Standard Total quality standard sometimes may face the employee resistance issue. In carrying out the total quality standard strategic, some company may require adapt new mindset, new goal, new attitude, and new method for perform their jobs. For instance, managements does not reflect well or not effectively communicate with team, it may occurs when employee are confuse to new idea and conflict among each of the teammate which lead to employee resistance. In addition, when employees are refuses to program it may become unproductive for the business and may lower the morale of an organization. It will critically influence the operation of an organization and may form a serious trauma that may affect an organization for need some time to fix it. 4.0 Evaluation and Recommendation 4.1 Outsourcing Organizations need to ensure that the business objective should able to fit appropriate collaborative outsourcing company. As an organizations that need to understand what can accommodate and need from the outsourcing company that you choosing. It’s the role for organization to do essential research before starting outsourcing relationship to the company. Organization should get more information from the outsourcing company and interview the company in order to understand more details regarding how flexible and reliable their service is supply to the organizations. Apart from that, an organization should arrange for constant communication. An organization should periodically to ensure the outsourcing provider is functioning regularly, hence organization should regular contact with their outsourcing company as well as able to control situation and guide decision when problem is occurred. When organization is staying awareness, they may prevent physical problem and able to solving it immediately. In addition, it builds up strong relationship among the organization and provider. Organizations should define their service in the agreement very precisely. Sometimes, an organization with the outsourcing conflict among their service and souring relationship occur into trouble when the objective of the service is too narrowly, broadly or ambiguously (suggested by Alexandra P. Woolcott, 2014). Hence, it very vital that organization should make sure the Service Agreement on what should the outsourcing company need to provided. Service Agreement should state crystal clear and objectively in order avoid loophole among each of the party. 4.2 Total Quality Standard An organization should make sure quality improvement is measurable. Organization should establish the degree into how process is implemented and the result is able to meet the main objective and company strategy. This is helpful for organization to set a goal for future and ensure where all departments in organization are willing work as one to reach the high quality standard. Therefore, an organization should do the research and analyze through market data in order to predict decision making more accuracy and allow to prediction the threat on past history (based on the suggestion by Philip B. Croaby, 2014). In term to make sure the quality improvement is measurable and comparable, organization should compare on the benchmark on the market for the sake of organizations able adopt innovative concept into quality management to perform the better output. It’s important for every employee in the organizations involve in quality improvement. Regardless of the bottom line or top management in company they are all playing an important part in providing high perform of quality in their service and produce. All employees should take part of their responsibility to ensure customer satisfaction. For instance, organization should do the communication within their all departments to allow each of the employee get a better knowledge and skill on how should the total quality processes are needed to be done in order to achieve the high quality output. Moreover, there’s a core benefits to thrust the total quality management more effectively is continuously improvement. There’s many reason why the organization should continuously improvement, it’s due to today market are become pressure of competition. Continually improvement in total quality management drives an organization to boosts to be creative in looking of the ways to become competitive edge in the market and more effective in meeting on customer requirement (based on the suggestion on Chartered Quality Institute CQI, 2015). It’s make an organization more competitive to growth successful in the market. 5. Conclusion These two strategies are being commonly used by many organizations today. It’s no matter how huge of the organization is and how small of the cooperation is, it also will beneficial and useful to each of the organization to fulfil their demand. Human resource management should acquire these strategies to organization in order to make organization growth rapidly to keep up with the time.

Success and Failure in Alice Walker’s To Hell With Dying Essay example

Success and Failure in Alice Walker’s "To Hell With Dying"Â   Alice Walker’s "To Hell With Dying" appears on the surface to be a story of a man who has many near-death experiences. However, I believe that the story of Mr. Sweet shows the side of depression and failure that Alice Walker might have faced had she not pushed her way to success. Mr. Sweet grew up in a time period where the life between whites and blacks was very segregated. However, Mr. Sweet "had been ambitious as a boy, wanted to be a doctor or lawyer or sailor, only to find that black men fare better if they [were] not" (Walker 1143). When he realized this defeat "he turned to fishing as his only claim to doing anything extraordinarily well" (1143). This failure seemed to overcome Mr. Sweet as he turned to the bottle as a sort of sanctuary. Mr. Sweet "was constantly on the verge of being blind drunk" (1144); however, to the kids this made him the perfect playmate. Often when Mr. Sweet was "feeling good" (1144), he would dance about and play in the yard with the children. When he was in this state he was just as vulnerable as they were. In fact, most of the time the children won the battles. An ironic behavior that Mr. Sweet has in this story, however, is that we read about him playing with the neighbors’ children, but we never read about him playing with his own child. Maybe this is because of the second failure that occurred in Mr. Sweet’s life. When he was younger he had to marry Miss Mary, for she was pregnant with his child; "he was not sure that Joe Lee, [Miss Mary’s] baby, was also his baby" (1144). Mr. Sweet had been in love with another woman though. He had made up a song that he played on his guitar on this unhappy part of his life. When Mr. Sw... ..., was another Mr. Sweet. However, this Mr. Sweet took her route of success. He expressed his pain through the poetry he wrote so that whoever wanted to could read it and feel the pain that he had to overcome. Mr. Sweet, by showing Alice Walker what would happen to her if she surrendered to the racism of the outside world, helped her achieve success. Works Cited Walker, Alice. "To Hell With Dying." The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. 1143-1147. Walker, Alice. "Remembering Mr. Sweet." The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. 1147-1149. Works Consulted Harrison, Faye. "Writing Against The Grain: Cultural Politics Of Difference In The Work Of Alice Walker." Women Writing Culture. Ed. R. Behar and D.A Gordon. University of California Press, 1195. 233-245. Â  

English Essay

Culture polity, traditions, language, food, costume, belief system, architecture, arts, craft, music, dance, and sports which will be discussed in this article to give you an indication of Fiji’s indigenous community but also the various communities which make up Fiji as a modern culture and living. The indigenous culture is an active and living part of everyday life for the majority of the population. However, it has evolved with the introduction of vibrant and old cultures including Indian, Chinese and European culture, and various cultures from the Pacific neighbors of Fiji; in particular the Tongan and Rotuman cultures. The culture of Fiji, including language, has created a unique communal and national identity. Tradition and hierarchy Fijian indigenous society is very communal, with great importance attached to the family unit, the village, and the vanua (land). [1] A hierarchy of chiefs presides over villages, clans, and tribes. Chiefly positions are hereditary; a deceased chief is invariably followed by a kinsman or kinswoman, though not necessarily his own son or daughter. This reflects Polynesian influence: in most other Melanesian societies, chiefs are appointed on merit. The largest social unit for Fijians is the Yavusa, defined by R. A. Derrick as the â€Å"direct agnate descendants of a single kalou-vu† (deified ancestor). Chiefly succession was from older brother/sister to younger brother/sister, after the death of their father/mother. When the youngest brother/sister died, the eldest son/daughter of the eldest brother/sister became chief. This tradition still influences Fijian society today, though less rigidly: there is more of a tendency nowadays towards primogeniture. [2][3] Each brother/sister in the family then formed his own branch of the yavusa, called the Mataqali. Each mataqali became the custodian of a specific task. A fully developed Yavusa has several mataqali: * Turaga: This mataqali descends from the original ancestor through primogeniture – inheritance of the eldest son in each succeeding generation. The chief of a village is always chosen from the Turaga mataqali. [1][4] * Sauturaga: These are next in rank to the chiefs, support him, and enforce his commands and also have final say in the installation of a Chief[1] * Mata ni vanua: These form the official heralds of the village. They are also in charge of ceremonial functions. [5] * Bete: This was the traditional priestly class. The kalou-vu was believed to speak through the Bete. [1][6] * Bati: This mataqali forms the traditional warrior class. [6] * Dau (skill) and Matai: these are the crafts people and specialized skilled people of the tribe e. g. Dau ni vucu (Poet/choreographer/composer), Dau ni yau (treasurer), Mataisau (carpenter/or Canoe builder)[1] The mataqali are subdivided into Tokatoka, each comprising closely related families. Several mataqali comprise a village, several of which form a yavusa or district. The British colonial rulers amalgamated the districts into Yasana, or Provinces. The districts also form three Matanitu, or Confederacies. These are often said to be agglomerations of provinces, but as the latter were a colonial imposition, the boundaries do not coincide exactly, and the Provinces of Tailevu, Ra, Naitasiri, Lomaiviti and parts of Yasawa and Ba makes the Kubuna Confederacy. This Confederacy in modern Fiji is considered to be the most senior. The other two are Burebasaga (covering the rest of Viti Levu), and Tovata, covering Vanua Levu, Lau archipelago and Rotuma. Despite its isolation and relatively small size, Tovata has been politically dominant since Fiji gained its independence in 1970. Language The official language is English while the national indigenous language is Bauan which is only one of the many dialects that exist in the Fiji Group, each of the fourteen provinces more or less have their own dialect though there is a clear distinction between the dialects of the West, Central and Eastern parts of the country. Other languages spoken in the country are Fiji Hindi, Cantonese, Rotuman, Gilbertese (Rabi Island), and Tuvaluan (Kioa Island). The Fiji Islands are traditionally linked to their island neighbours Rotuma, Tonga and Samoa, and this is evident in the culture and dialects of the Northern and Eastern provinces being Cakaudrove, Bua, Macuata, and Lau. The many dialects spoken in these four provinces consistently use sounds that are heard in Tongan and Samoan, but not so with dialects from the Western and South Western parts of Fiji. The Fijian language uses a Latin alphabet. However, the Fijian alphabet is dissimilar from the English alphabet. Fiji English The existence of many dialects within the Fijian language as well as exposure to the other languages spoken have contributed to many Fiji Islanders being bilingual. For general communication in an informal environment, a very interesting cross use of the languages has developed, resulting in slang now commonly referred to as Fiji English. In formal settings, of course, correct usage is adhered to. Fiji English comprises aspects of Fijian, English and Hindi, which reflects the history and identity of the people of Fiji. Fiji English is non-rhotic. . Cultural arts and social polity In culture, its various crafts and music give it an identity along with it traditional etiquette and varying forms of clothing attire, its unique architecture also tells a story of a culture and its evolution, the following will discuss these aspects of culture in Fiji. Arts and crafts Fiji’s arts and crafts reflect local adaptations of their Polynesian and Melanesian heritage. By tradition, the men’s and women’s crafts are separate. Women’s crafts The village of Na lotu on Kadavu Island is famous for its pottery, the making of which is still governed by strict rituals. Nadroga and Rewa also produce fine pottery. Each region has its own unique style in the making of pottery. Tapa from the Lau Islands in Fiji. The making of Tapa cloth, or (masi), is another craft associated with women. Tapa is made from the bark of the paper mulberry tree and decorated in charcoal with symbolic motifs and various patterns. In modern times, it has become fashionable for a masi to bear the name of the person who made it. Masi are often exchanged as gifts on formal occasions. The island of Vatuelele of the southern coast of Viti Levu is famous for its masi products. Most Fijian mats are made from the leaves of the pandanus tree. The long process of preparation includes scraping and boiling the leaves, and drying them in the sun. There are different mats used for different occasions, and some are made as gifts for formal occasions such as weddings. Most mats are bordered with highly decorative and brightly coloured wool. One well-known Fijian mat is the kuta, made by women in Vanua Levu, particularly Bua. Weaving using various materials was another craft generally mastered by the women but also aspects of weaving were mastered only by the men, various types of weaving practiced were and still are; basket weaving, coconut rope weaving, and coconut leaves weaving. Men’s crafts Carving was practiced by the men; carving would be used for items of practical use and simple shapes and design were used. A lot of effort was put into well adorned weapons and items for the home and ceremony, today carving is practiced for its use in tourism and no longer plays a major role in Fijian society and life except in the case of the Tanoa used from drinking Kava. Drua, the most impressive Fijian canoe. Canoe Building was another art practiced only by the men, canoes were not only the major form of communication, but were important in all aspects of Fijian society, from the gathering of food and transporting of crops to use in presentation ceremonies and they were instrumental in wars and politics which were rife in Fiji. 9] The art of Canoe building was varied across the group and had several different types but of a similar design, the Camakau was a small twin hulled canoe for fishing or small transportation purposes, the most impressive of Canoes in Fiji were that of the Drua. In Fiji’s early history before European involvement, Control of the seaway was a major and decisive objective ; disrupting or cutting off the enemies supply and reinforcements gave great advantage in battle and would ensure victory. Sea battles involving hundreds of canoes were frequent. The canoe, which inspired fear and awe and so often held the balance was the mighty Drua. One of the most elaborate and beautiful artifacts of Oceania, the Drua was a product of considerable group efforts and human sacrifice. Double hulled and of gigantic proportions, the Drua was a masterpiece of design and craftsmanship, requiring total community involvement in its construction and human sacrifice in its launching. 10] Its speed out at sea would be in excess of twenty knots and still remained highly manoeuvrable, it was capable of carrying upward of 150 warriors and took some 6 to 7 years to build and would vary in length from 100 feet to 118 feet and have a mast height of 60 to 70 feet, in the mid-19th century the following accounts were recorded: â€Å"Up went the huge sail, down went the great steering oars, splashing into the sea, and away we shot like a racehorse. Owing to the great rate at which we were going, the sea was like a hissing cauldron on either side of our course, and the vessel, instead of having time to mount over the smaller waves, cut its way through them. † (West, 1869). â€Å"It had a magnificent appearance with its immense sail of white mats; its velocity was almost inconceivable. † (Wilkes, 1840). Ratu Seru Cakobau commanded an impressive fleet which had Several Drua with armed warriors ready for battle the led Canoe was named ‘Rusi I Vanua’ or ‘Cursed is the land’. 11] Much of the art of Canoe building has been lost and only a small few still practice the art on a very small scale as its use in this modern era seems to have lost its place. The craft of Canoe building was traditionally reserved for the male. Performing arts Fijian Rugby Team Performing a Traditional War Dance before their Rugby encounter against Canada. The Meke An indigenous art form is the Meke, which may incorporate the seasea (women’s fan dance) or a meke wesi (men’s spear dance). It is usually a narrative of an important event such as a war, a chiefly installation, or even a scandal. Some mekes are generations old, and form an important part of Fiji’s oral history. In olden times, the meke was considered to be an oracle from the gods, and the Dau ni vucu, or composer, would often go into a trance before a performance. Others are modern, composed for a particular event, much as a poet laureate might write a poem to celebrate an event in a Western country. Each district of Fiji has its own form of meke, performed in the local dialect. Other forms of Polynesian and Melanesian dance art forms exist with most widely known being dances of Rotuma and Tonga. There are also various Indian dances and Chinese dances which are performed at relevant festivals marking important times for these communities which are now a part of Culture in Fiji. Music Music of Old Fiji consisted of various chants which often told a story or preserved information to be passed on from generation to generation, these songs used various traditional instruments. With the introduction of European and Asian cultures music in Fiji has evolved and songs sung in the Fijian vernacular are popular but so also are songs in Indian and English, some local artists mix all three languages and traditional instruments from each culture making for a very interesting musical experience. A distinct Indian sound has evolved in Fiji that some see as influencing modern Indian music and even jazz. Clothing and costume The traditional attire was loin cloths for men and grass skirts for women. Skirts were short for single women, and long for married women, with girls wearing virgin locks before marriage. Most ladies of rank had the lower parts of their bodies decorated with tattoos. Chiefs dressed more elaborately. Modern Fiji’s national dress is the sulu, which resembles a skirt. It is commonly worn by both men and women. One type worn by both men and women is the ‘Sulu va Taga’ pronounced Sulu vah Tanga which is a wrap around piece of rectangular material which is elaborately decorated with patterns and designs of varying styles this is for more casual and informal occasions. Many men, especially in urban areas, also have Sulu va taga which is a tailored sulu and can be tailored as part of their suit. Many will wear a shirt with a western-style collar, tie, and jacket, with a matching Sulu va taga and sandals, this type of sulu can be worn to a semi formal or formal occasion. Even the military uniforms have incorporated the Sulu va taga as part of their ceremonial dress. Women usually wear a multi-layered Tapa cloth on formal occasions. A blouse made of cotton, silk, or satin, of often worn on top. On special occasions, women often wear a tapa sheath across the chest, rather than a blouse. On other occasions, women may be dressed in a chamba, also known as a sulu I ra, a sulu with a specially crafted top. There are many regional variations throughout Fiji. Residents of the village of Dama, in Bua Province and Cakaudrove i Vanua (Province), Fiji wear finely woven mats called kuta, made from a reed. While traditional and semi-traditional forms of dress are still very much in use amongst indigenous Fijian culture, there is a greater influence for Western and Indian Fashion in urban areas as in neighboring developed nations. Traditions and ceremonies Etiquette in indigenous Fijian ceremony is rather intricate depending on the function as various formalities and presentations which do several things; firstly it shows respect between two communal groups, strengthen tribal and family ties and reinforce social, tribal and family ties. Various items are used in ceremony and surrounded by ceremony, Kava, known in Fiji as yaqona, is Fiji’s national drink. Traditionally, it was used only in important ceremonies. Nowadays, it is a social beverage. There is a strict protocol associated with yaqona drinking. One should clap once, clasping the hands, take the cup, and drink the yaqona in a single draft before returning the cup to the bearer. Another highly prized item in ceremony is the tabua or Whale’s tooth, other items also the use of mats (masi) are also used traditionally in ceremony also various regions have tradition that has been passed down generation to generation for centuries one example are the firewalkers of beqa. The Sawau tribe of Beqa are noted for their ability to walk on white hot stones without being burned. 12] Strict rituals have to be observed before the firewalking ceremony. There is an ancient myth about how an ancestor of the Sawau tribe was given this power by a spirit god in exchange for his life, after the god was captured by the man who was fishing for eels. Cuisine The cuisine of Fiji in pre-colonial times consisted of root crops, vegetables, and fruits, as well as various land animals such as wild pig, human, and various birds. The coastal tribes wou ld have had the same, but also had a large amount of local seafood. These would have been prepared with local herbs and spices on wood fire rock ovens. Most cooking areas were located in the center of house so the smoke would repel insects and strengthen the roof thatching. Another popular method of cooking, which is still used today, is the lovo which is an earth oven[13] — a fire made on in a pit in the ground lined with heat-resistant stones. It closely resembles the hangi of the New Zealand Maori. When the stones are hot, food wrapped in (banana) leaves, is placed in the pit, covered with soil and left to cook before being exhumed and eaten. Dishes cooked this way include palusami, parcels of taro leaves saturated with coconut milk, onions, and sometimes tinned meat. Modern Fijian Cuisine is rather diverse with great influence from Indian cuisine and spices. When these are applied to local traditional dishes, it makes for interesting eating. European, Indian, and Chinese variants of cuisine, along with traditional foods, are common place in most, if not all households in Fiji. Architecture A bure kalou, a sketch done in the early 1800s. In Old Fiji, the architecture of villages was simple and practical to meet the physical and social need and to provide communal safety the houses were square in shape and with pyramid like shaped roofs,[14] and the walls and roof were thatched and various plants of practical use were planted nearby, each village having a meeting house and a Spirit house. The spirit house was elevated on a pyramid like base built with large stones and earth, again a square building with an elongated pyramid like [14] roof with various scented flora planted nearby. The houses of Chiefs were of similar design and would be set higher than his subjects houses but instead of an elongated roof would have similar roof to those of his subjects homes but of course on a larger scale. With the introduction of communities from Asia aspects of their cultural architecture are now evident in urban and rural areas of Fiji’s two main Islands Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. A village structure shares similarities today but built with modern materials and spirit houses (Bure Kalou) have been replaced by churches of varying design. The urban landscape of early Colonial Fiji was reminiscent of most British colonies of the 19th and 20th century in tropical regions of the world, while some of this architecture remains, the urban landscape is evolving in leaps and bounds with various modern aspects of architecture and design becoming more and more evident in the business, industrial and domestic sector, the rural areas are evolving at a much slower rate. Literature The emergence of Fiji’s literature (as distinct from oral literature) coincides with the country’s transition to independence in 1970. Among the first published works of Fijian literature, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, were Raymond Pillai’s short stories (in English) and Pio Manoa’s poetry (in English and in Fijian). More recent notable Fiji writers include Satendra Nandan (poet and novelist), Sudesh Mishra (poet), Larry Thomas (playwright), and Joseph Veramo (novelist). Religion Religion is quite diverse with Christianity being the dominant faith in Fiji. Many Christian denominations are present in Fiji, the most prevalent of which is Methodist. Of the other Asian religions the Hindu faith is dominant, followed by Islam. There are other belief systems observed by Fijians as well. The impact of Christianity The impact of Christianity in the 19th century resulted in certain traditions being proscribed. In the pre-Christian era, human sacrifice was practiced. Men were buried alive to hold the pillars to the house of a chief. Cannibalism was practiced, too:[16] the bodies of enemies slain in battle, or in sacrifice, were piled up and cooked for festivals, such as the installation of chiefs or the launching of a great canoe. 16] Seru Epenisa Cakobau. The Bauan warlord who united the disparate tribes of Fiji and proclaimed himself King in 1871, renounced cannibalism on his conversion to Christianity in 1854. A bure kalou, a pre-Christian Fijian religious Building. Old religion Fiji’s old religion is no longer practiced by the majority in the indigenous community who have adopted Christianity. Old deities are still acknowled ged and respected, but not worshipped. Fijian rituals still exists in private. Demographics Of the various faiths, Christianity is the dominant belief system and ncluding all the various denominations of the Christian faith they number in total 449,482. Hindus, with their various denominations, number in total 261,097. Muslims make up 54,324 of Fiji’s population. Followers of other belief systems make up 10,166 of Fiji’s population. Sports Sports culture is unique as different racial mixes and cultures come together in a common interest. Fiji is fanatical about sports and the two most dominant being rugby and soccer. Traditional sports Sports in older times had a practical place, apart from recreation, helping to train young warriors. One such practice would have the older men bring the male children a severely injured captive of war, allowing the boys to practice their archery skills against this living target. There were other sports that were practiced in older times which are not practiced now. Notable traditional sports used to be played were tiqa, ulutoa, veisaga, and veisolo. Modern sports The Fiji sevens team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. Sports have developed greatly over the past two decades in Fiji with a wide variety of sports undertaken. Fiji is most well known for its prowess in the game of rugby union and in particular rugby sevens. Rugby union Rugby union is the most popular sport in Fiji. The highest level of competition is the Colonial Cup. The Fiji national rugby union team has competed in five Rugby World Cup competitions. The Fijian Rugby Sevens team is constantly one of the top two or three teams in the world, often the premier team. Rugby league Rugby league is a popular team sport played in Fiji. The Fiji national rugby league team is known as Fiji Bati, with the team competing in three Rugby League World Cup competitions. They made it to the semi-finals of the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. Football Football was a minor sport, but over the last decade with further international funding from FIFA and sound local management of the sport has grown in popularity amongst the Indian community initially but now also the Fijian community. Other sports Many sports exist in Fiji and in many ways has its own cultural following, sports such as golf which has been made famous by Fiji athlete Vijay Singh. Sports such as cricket and surfing which was brought to prominence by former world champion and Fiji athlete Tony Philips. Sailing in varying forms, various adventure sports, athletics, various Asian martial arts, boxing, and the list goes on.